Justifications, Exculpations, Causes: Epistemology and Our Image of Nature

There is a way of thinking about epistemic justification
that holds that it dwells solely in beliefs. According to this
view, any relation between what is believed and any item
different from beliefs – maybe even if it is an item that
could be a belief – is at most a causal relation. This view,
commonly associated to Davidson's take on coherentism,
can be stimulated by some of Wittgenstein's remarks
concerning the irrelevance of interpretations when we
follow rules (1953).