No, nonada, monada, en el pensamiento contemporaneo en lengua espanola

Jose Gaos's thorough analysis concerning the logical origin of the grammatical particle "no" establishes as its ultimate ground no meaning functions but sympathetic acts of love and hate. This proposal enables me a new approach to Unamuno's opposite attempt, namely: that of conceiving the negation as the center and core of theoretical reason, of objectifying conscience as opposed to the trends of craving which in origin are infinitely affirmative. Unamuno's concept of "nonada" (something next to nothing) involves a remarkable contention with the axiom that to be a part, a mere part, a fleeting particle of reality, is ultimately nothing.